Saltation refers to . . . . . . .

The phenomenon of industrial melanism demonstrates:

$A$ population splits into two or more groups and these groups occupy different ecological zones. This is known as:

The peppered moth $(Biston \text{ } betularia)$, the black-coloured form became dominant over the light-coloured form of moth in England during the industrial revolution. This is an example of

Which of the following factors helps in evolution but is considered the fundamental basis of evolution?

Variations caused by mutation,as proposed by Hugo de Vries,are