(B) Hugo de Vries, a Dutch botanist, proposed the mutation theory of evolution. He conducted his experiments on the plant $Oenothera \text{ lamarckian

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(B) Hugo de Vries, a Dutch botanist, proposed the mutation theory of evolution. He conducted his experiments on the plant $Oenothera \text{ lamarckiana}$, which is commonly known as the Evening Primrose. He observed sudden, heritable changes in the population of this plant, which he termed as mutations.