If a male offspring is born with a genetic defect,from whom is this defect inherited?

The 'Thala test' is performed for the confirmation of:

$A$: The possibility of a female becoming a haemophilic is extremely rare.
$R$: Mother of such a female has to be a carrier and the father should be haemophilic.

Which one of the following is a sex-linked trait?

Which disorder is caused when the synthesis of the $\beta$-globin chain of hemoglobin is affected due to a single gene $HBB$,leading to a quantitative change in the hemoglobin structure?

Given below are two statements:
Statement $I$: Sickle cell anaemia and Haemophilia are autosomal dominant traits.
Statement $II$: Sickle cell anaemia and Haemophilia are disorders of the blood.
In the light of the above statements,choose the correct answer from the options given below: