Which of the following disorders can occur if the protein required for blood clotting is affected?

Quantitative defect of hemoglobin $- P$
Qualitative defect of hemoglobin $- Q$
Select the correct option for $P$ and $Q$.
$\quad \quad P\quad \quad \quad Q$

Which genotype is responsible for the carrier state of sickle-cell anemia?

Identify the given figure and select the correct option for $P, Q, R$ and $S$.
$\quad P \quad Q \quad R \quad S$

Color blindness is caused by:

With the help of the given pedigree,find out the probability for the birth of a child having no disease and being a carrier (has the disease mutation in one allele of the gene) in the $F_3$ generation.