| Haploid Process (Arrhenotoky) | Diploid Process (Sexual Reproduction) |
| $(1)$ Gametes in the female are produced by meiosis. | $(1)$ Gametes in the male are produced by mitosis. |
| $(2)$ The egg becomes haploid after meiosis. | $(2)$ Sperm produced by the male remains haploid (but the resulting zygote is diploid). |
| $(3)$ If the haploid egg is unfertilized, it develops into a male (drone). | $(3)$ If the egg is fertilized by a sperm, it develops into a female (queen or worker). |
| $(4)$ Males have $16$ chromosomes and are called drones. | $(4)$ Females have $32$ chromosomes. |
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