| Sex determination in humans | Sex determination in Drosophila |
|---|---|
| $1$. Humans have $44 + XY$ chromosomes in males and $44 + XX$ in females. | $1$. Drosophila has $3A + XX$ in females and $3A + XY$ chromosomes in males (where $A$ represents autosomes). |
| $2$. Males are heterogametic $(XY)$. | $2$. Males can be $XY$ or $XO$. |
| $3$. The presence of the $Y$ chromosome is essential for maleness. | $3$. The $Y$ chromosome is not essential for maleness; $XO$ individuals are sterile males. |
| $4$. Sex is determined by the presence of the $SRY$ gene on the $Y$ chromosome. | $4$. Sex is determined by the ratio of $X$ chromosomes to sets of autosomes ($X/A$ ratio). |
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