Choose the correct option:
$(1)$ The calorific value of fat is higher than that of glucose.
$(2)$ Premolars are absent in the dental formula of a human child.

$A$ person had roti and dal for his lunch. Trace the changes in those during its passage through the alimentary canal. What are the various enzymatic types of glandular secretions in our gut helping digestion of food? What is the nature of end products obtained after complete digestion of food?

Match Column $I$ with Column $II$ and select the correct option.

Column $I$ (Part of the alimentary canal)	Column $II$ (Shape)
$i$. Duodenum	$a$. Worm-like
$ii$. Stomach	$b$. $U$-shaped
$iii$. Tongue	$c$. $J$-shaped
$iv$. Appendix	$d$. Triangular

Give scientific reasons:
$(1)$ Food tastes sweet after chewing.
$(2)$ Excretory substances are seen in bile juice.

Match column $I$ with column $II$:

Column $I$ (Component/Process)	Column $II$ (Associated Part/Enzyme)
$(a)$ Bilirubin and biliverdin	$(i)$ Parotid
$(b)$ Hydrolysis of starch	$(ii)$ Bile
$(c)$ Digestion of fat	$(iii)$ Lipases
$(d)$ Salivary gland	$(iv)$ Amylases

$A$ patient suffering from cholera is given a saline drip because: