Which of the following is commonly used to induce mutations in cereals?

In India,the high-yielding varieties of $Jaya$ and $Ratna$ belong to which of the following?

Which of the following is $NOT$ a characteristic of $Saccharum$ $officinarum$?

In mutation breeding,mutations are induced by using radiation like

Consider the following four statements $(a-d)$ regarding the successful cultivation of chickpea in an area where bacterial blight is common:
$(a)$ Spraying of Bordeaux mixture.
$(b)$ Control of the disease vector.
$(c)$ Use of disease-free seeds.
$(d)$ Use of disease-resistant varieties.
Which of the above are the most effective strategies for managing this disease?

Triticale is obtained by crossing wheat with: