In mutation breeding,mutations are induced by using radiation like

Norin-$10$ gene is

Select the option that is incorrect with respect to traditional hybridisation.

The steps of a plant breeding program are given below. Arrange them in the correct sequence.
$(a)$ Cross-hybridization among the selected parents
$(b)$ Testing,release,and commercialization of new cultivars
$(c)$ Collection of variability
$(d)$ Selection and testing of superior recombinants
$(e)$ Evaluation and selection of parents

What is the full form of $IARI$?

$A$ combination between an open-pollinated variety and an inbred line is called: