What is the process of forming a gametophyte directly from a sporophyte without meiosis called?

Embryos develop directly from diploid cells of the nucellus in . . . . . . .

The term 'apomixis' was introduced by . . . . . . .

The reason for using vegetatively reproducing crop plants to maintain hybrid vigour is that:

Choose the correct option from the following statements.
$I$. Apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction which mimics sexual reproduction.
$II$. In Apomixis,seeds develop either from a diploid egg cell or from cells of the nucellus.
$III$. Seeds collected from hybrid plants maintain hybrid characters for a longer time.
$IV$. In Apomixis,there is segregation of characters.

Haploid apogamy refers to ..... .