The phenomenon of "Electromagnetic induction" was discovered by which scientist?

The magnetic flux linked with a coil varies with time as $\Phi = 4t^2 + 3t + 7$. The magnitude of the induced e.m.f. at $t = 2 \ s$ is: (in $V$)

$A$ flexible wire loop in the shape of a circle has a radius that grows linearly with time. There is a magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the loop that has a magnitude inversely proportional to the distance from the center of the loop,i.e.,$B(r) \propto \frac{1}{r}$. How does the emf $E$ vary with time?

At what rate should a single conductor cut the magnetic flux so that a current of $1.5 \, mA$ flows through it when a resistance of $5 \, \Omega$ is connected across its ends?

$A$ metal loop of area $10 \,cm^2$ is placed in a region such that its area vector points along $\hat{k}$. The region contains a uniform magnetic field of magnitude $1.73 \,T$ that points in the direction $\hat{i}+\hat{j}+\hat{k}$. When the magnetic field is switched off, the field decreases to zero at a steady rate in $10 \,s$, then the magnitude of emf induced in the loop is (in $\,mV$)

In the following figure, the magnet is moved towards the coil with a speed $v$ and the induced emf is $e$. If the magnet and the coil recede away from one another, each moving with a speed $v$, the induced emf in the coil will be