You are provided with a solution of substance $'X'$. How will you test whether it is saturated or unsaturated with respect to $'X'$ at a given temperature? What happens when a hot saturated solution is allowed to cool?

Give an example each for the mixture having the following characteristics. Suggest a suitable method to separate the components of these mixtures:
$(a)$ $A$ volatile and a non-volatile component.
$(b)$ Two volatile components with appreciable difference in boiling points.
$(c)$ Two immiscible liquids.
$(d)$ One of the components changes directly from solid to gaseous state.
$(e)$ Two or more coloured constituents soluble in some solvent.

State whether the following statement is true or false:
Non-metals are lustrous and good conductors of heat and electricity.

When a bar magnet is brought closer to a mixture of iron filings and sulphur powder,iron particles stick to the magnet,whereas in the case of iron sulphide,no change is observed. When a mixture of iron and sulphur is added to carbon disulphide,sulphur dissolves,whereas in the case of iron sulphide,no change is observed. Justify the statement that the properties of a compound are different from its constituents,while a mixture shows the properties of its constituent elements using the example of iron and sulphur.

Answer the following:
$(a)$ Under which category of mixtures will you classify alloys and why?
$(b)$ $A$ solution is always a liquid. Comment.
$(c)$ Can a solution be heterogeneous?

How can we obtain different gases from air?