State whether the following statement is true or false:
The relative atomic masses of all elements have been found with respect to an atom of oxygen-$16$.

Which of the following statements are true for an element?
$(i)$ Atomic number $=$ number of protons $+$ number of electrons
$(ii)$ Mass number $=$ number of protons $+$ number of neutrons
$(iii)$ Atomic mass $=$ number of protons $=$ number of neutrons
$(iv)$ Atomic number $=$ number of protons $=$ number of electrons

Rutherford's $\alpha-$ particle scattering experiment showed that
$(i)$ Electrons have negative charge
$(ii)$ The mass and positive charge of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus
$(iii)$ Neutron exists in the nucleus
$(iv)$ Most of the space in atom is empty
Which of the above statements are correct?

List three differences between electron, proton, and neutron.

Give reasons for the following:
$(a)$ Isotopes of an element are chemically similar.
$(b)$ An atom is electrically neutral.
$(c)$ Noble gases show least reactivity.
$(d)$ Nucleus of an atom is heavy and positively charged.
$(e)$ Ions are more stable than atoms.

$J. Chadwick$ discovered a subatomic particle which has no charge and has a mass nearly equal to that of a proton. Name the particle and give its location in the atom.