State whether the following statement is true or false:
$A$ group of atoms carrying a charge is called bivalent ions.

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(B) The statement is False.
$A$ group of atoms carrying a charge is known as a polyatomic ion,not a bivalent ion.
$A$ bivalent ion refers to an atom or ion that has a valency of $2$,meaning it can form two chemical bonds (e.g.,$Mg^{2+}$ or $Ca^{2+}$).

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Calcium chloride when dissolved in water dissociates into its ions according to the following equation:
$CaCl_{2}(aq) \rightarrow Ca^{2+}(aq) + 2Cl^{-}(aq)$
Calculate the number of ions obtained from $CaCl_{2}$ when $222 \, g$ of it is dissolved in water.

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$3.42 \, g$ of sucrose $(C_{12}H_{22}O_{11})$ is dissolved in $18 \, g$ of water $(H_2O)$. The number of oxygen atoms in the solution is:

$(a)$ Calculate the mass of $0.5$ mole of oxygen atoms.
$(b)$ Calculate the number of molecules of glucose present in its $90 \ g$ (molecular mass of glucose is $180 \ u$). (Avogadro constant $= 6.022 \times 10^{23} \ mol^{-1}$)
$(c)$ Calculate the number of moles of water in $2 \ g$ of water.
(Atomic mass of $H = 1 \ u, O = 16 \ u$)

The mass of one atom of oxygen is:

Calculate the mass of:
$(a)$ $1$ atom of carbon
$(b)$ $0.02$ mole of sodium
$(c)$ $1$ molecule of water.

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