Write the general characteristics of equilibria involving physical processes.

(N/A) For physical processes,the following characteristics are common to the system at equilibrium:
$(i)$ Equilibrium is possible only in a closed system at a given temperature.
$(ii)$ Both the opposing processes occur at the same rate,resulting in a dynamic but stable condition.
$(iii)$ All measurable properties of the system remain constant over time.
$(iv)$ When equilibrium is attained for a physical process,it is characterized by a constant value of one of its parameters (e.g.,pressure,concentration) at a given temperature.
$(v)$ The magnitude of such quantities at any stage indicates the extent to which the physical process has proceeded before reaching equilibrium.