With the help of a labelled circuit diagram,illustrate the pattern of field lines of the magnetic field around a current-carrying straight long conducting wire. How is the Right-Hand Thumb Rule useful to find the direction of the magnetic field associated with a current-carrying conductor?

Which instrument is used to know the presence of an electric current in a circuit?

Draw a labelled circuit diagram of a simple electric motor and explain its working. In what way are these simple electric motors different from commercial motors?

State Faraday's first law of electromagnetic induction.

What is the nature of the magnetic field lines inside a current-carrying solenoid?

The diagram below shows a coil connected to a centre zero galvanometer $G$. The galvanometer shows a deflection to the right when the $N$ pole of a powerful magnet is moved to the right as shown.
$(i)$ Explain why the deflection occurs in the galvanometer.
$(ii)$ Does the direction of current in the coil appear clockwise or anticlockwise when viewed from end $A$?
$(iii)$ State the observation in $G$ when the coil is moved away from $N$.
$(iv)$ State the observation in $G$ when,both coil and the magnet,are moved to the right at the same speed.