Why do elements in the same group have similar physical and chemical properties?

Among the statements $(I-IV)$,the correct ones are:
$(I)$ $Be$ has smaller atomic radius compared to $Mg$.
$(II)$ $Be$ has higher ionization enthalpy than $Al$.
$(III)$ Charge/radius ratio of $Be$ is greater than that of $Al$.
$(IV)$ Both $Be$ and $Al$ form mainly covalent compounds.

Among the following,the most basic oxide is

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion $A$ and the other is labelled as Reason $R.$
Assertion $A :$ Metallic character decreases and non-metallic character increases on moving from left to right in a period.
Reason $R :$ It is due to increase in ionisation enthalpy and decrease in electron gain enthalpy,when one moves from left to right in a period.
In the light of the above statements,choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Identify the most acidic oxide among the following oxides based on their reaction.

Which pair of elements has the same number of electrons in their valence shell$:-$