Which was the first photosynthetic organism?

Growth by the absorption of molecules from the environment forms the:

What were the speculative theories regarding the origin of life?

Which of the following was most likely to have been absent in free form in the primordial atmosphere at the time of the origin of life?

Select the wrong statements.
$I.$ Swan-neck flask experiment was performed by Louis Pasteur.
$II.$ Louis Pasteur is famous for the germ theory of disease.
$III.$ Louis Pasteur disapproved the spontaneous generation theory forever.
$IV.$ Cosmozoic theory of origin of life was proposed by Richter.
$V.$ Theory of catastrophism was given by Georges Cuvier.
Choose the correct option.

Which of the following is $NOT$ a characteristic of the 'protobionts' as hypothesized in the abiogenic origin of life?