Which organic acid is produced by fungi?

Match the microbial products listed under Column-$I$ with the related microbes given under Column-$II$.

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$A$. Citric acid	$p$. Methanobacterium
$B$. Cyclosporin $A$	$q$. Monascus purpureus
$C$. Statin	$r$. Aspergillus niger
$D$. Gobar gas	$s$. Trichoderma polysporum
	$t$. Clostridium butylicum

Choose the appropriate option from the given choices.

Assertion $(A)$: The statin produced by the yeast $Monascus$ $purpureus$ lowers blood cholesterol.
Reason $(R)$: Statins act by competitively inhibiting the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of cholesterol.

Which of the following scientists established penicillin as an effective antibiotic?
$(i)$ Ernst Chain
$(ii)$ Alexander Fleming
$(iii)$ Howard Florey
$(iv)$ Waksman

The acid obtained from the fungus $Aspergillus$ $niger$ is .......

Beer and buttermilk are products of fermentation by