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(C) The atomic size of $Iodine$ is large and it possesses empty $d$-orbitals,allowing for the expansion of its valence shell. In its $3^{rd}$ excited

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Iodine

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(C) The atomic size of $Iodine$ is large and it possesses empty $d$-orbitals,allowing for the expansion of its valence shell. In its $3^{rd}$ excited state,$Iodine$ has $7$ unpaired electrons,enabling it to exhibit positive oxidation states when bonded to more electronegative elements like $F$,$Cl$,or $Br$. Generally,all halogens exhibit a negative oxidation state of $-1$ due to their high electronegativity,but $Iodine$ is unique among them in its ability to readily show positive oxidation states as well.

Which one of the following elements shows both positive and negative oxidation states?

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