Which of the following statements is correct about the given diagram of the cardiac cycle?

  • A
    '$a$' represents atrial systole, during which $25\%$ of blood moves from atria to ventricles actively.
  • B
    $(a \rightarrow b \rightarrow c)$ represents $(Atrial \ systole \rightarrow Ventricular \ systole \rightarrow Joint \ diastole)$.
  • C
    '$c$' and '$d$' together are called joint diastole, during which approximately $75\%$ of blood moves from atria to ventricles passively.
  • D
    '$b$' represents the phase of ventricular systole.

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Define a cardiac cycle and the cardiac output.

The duration of the ventricular diastole in a normal cardiac cycle is

During joint diastole,..........

$A$: Isovolumetric systole of a normal cardiac cycle is responsible for the opening of semilunar valves causing the blood flow into aortic aorta and pulmonary aorta.
$R$: During isovolumetric systole,intraventricular pressure increases as semilunar and $AV$ valves are closed and ventricles are contracting.

How much does the atrial pressure rise during atrial contraction in $mm\,Hg$?

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