Which of the following processes does not involve a catalyst?

An expression of energy density is given by $u = \frac{\alpha}{\beta} \sin \left(\frac{\alpha x}{kt}\right)$,where $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are constants,$x$ is displacement,$k$ is the Boltzmann constant,and $t$ is the temperature. The dimensions of $\beta$ will be $-$

If $A=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -2 \\ 4 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$ and $f(t)=t^2-3t+7$,then $f(A)+\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 6 \\ -12 & -9 \end{bmatrix}$ is equal to

When a resistor of $11 \Omega$ is connected in series with an electric cell,the current flowing in it is $0.5 \ A$. Instead,when a resistor of $5 \Omega$ is connected to the same electric cell in series,the current increases by $0.4 \ A$. The internal resistance of the cell is (in $Omega$)

What is the primary purpose of data entry in the context of mathematical research?

Cattle fed with spoilt hay of sweet clover which contains dicumarol: