Which of the following nuclear reactions is possible?

$A$ nuclear decay is possible if the mass of the parent nucleus exceeds the total mass of the decay particles. If $M(A, Z)$ denotes the mass of a single neutral atom of an element with mass number $A$ and atomic number $Z$,then the minimal condition that the $\beta^{-}$ decay $X_Z^A \rightarrow Y_{Z+1}^A + \beta^{-} + \bar{\nu}_e$ will occur is ($m_e$ denotes the mass of the $\beta^{-}$ particle and the neutrino mass $m_{\nu}$ can be neglected).

In which of the following decay processes does the element not change?

In the Uranium radioactive series,the initial nucleus is ${ }_{92}^{238} U$ and the final nucleus is ${ }_{82}^{206} Pb$. When the Uranium nucleus decays to lead,the number of $\alpha$-particles emitted is .......... and the number of $\beta$-particles emitted is ..........

The energy spectrum of $\beta$-particles [number $N(E)$ as a function of $\beta$-energy $E$] emitted from a radioactive source is:

Which of the following is in the increasing order for penetrating power?