Which of the following is not formed from the procambium?

The anatomy of springwood shows some peculiar features. Identify the correct set of statements about springwood.
$(a)$ It is also called as the earlywood
$(b)$ In spring season cambium produces xylem elements with narrow vessels
$(c)$ It is lighter in colour
$(d)$ The springwood along with autumnwood shows alternate concentric rings forming annual rings
$(e)$ It has lower density
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Knots in stems are formed due to

$I.$ It is resistant to microorganisms
$II.$ It comprises dead elements
$III.$ It comprises highly lignified cell wall
$IV.$ It is the peripheral part
$V.$ It is dark and tough
Which of the above property does not belong to heartwood?

$A$ $100$-year-old tree which shows well-marked annual rings in its trunk will have:

Vascular cambium is a meristematic layer that cuts off: