Which of the following is an indirect ecological factor?

Which of the following factors collectively determine the percolation and water-holding capacity of soils,along with parameters like $pH$,mineral composition,and topography?

Write a short note on:
$(a)$ Adaptations of desert plants and animals
$(b)$ Adaptations of plants to water scarcity
$(c)$ Behavioural adaptations in animals
$(d)$ Importance of light to plants
$(e)$ Effect of temperature or water scarcity and the adaptations of animals.

Which ecological factors are the most strong determinants of various biomes?

Tropical dense forests are due to

At which latitude,heat gain through insolation approximately equals heat loss through terrestrial radiation?