Which of the following interactions is responsible for beta decay?

What does the nuclear reaction $_z{X^A} \to {_{z + 1}}{Y^A} + {_{ - 1}}{e^0} + \bar \nu$ represent?

Originally, radioactive beta decay was thought to be a decay of a nucleus with the emission of electrons only (Case $I$). However, in addition to the electron, another (nearly) massless and electrically neutral particle is also emitted (Case $II$). Based on the figure below, which of the following is correct?

The electron emitted in beta radiation originates from

An artificial radioactive decay series begins with unstable $_{94}^{241}Pu$. The stable nuclide obtained after eight $\alpha$-decays and five $\beta$-decays is

In the following nuclear reaction,$D \xrightarrow{\alpha} D_{1} \xrightarrow{\beta^-} D_{2} \xrightarrow{\alpha} D_{3} \xrightarrow{\gamma} D_{4}$. The mass number of $D$ is $182$ and the atomic number is $74$. The mass number and atomic number of $D_{4}$ respectively will be: