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(C) The reactivity of aromatic compounds towards electrophilic substitution (like nitration) depends on the electron density of the ring. Groups that

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Toluene

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(C) The reactivity of aromatic compounds towards electrophilic substitution (like nitration) depends on the electron density of the ring. Groups that donate electrons to the ring (activating groups) increase reactivity,while electron-withdrawing groups decrease it. $1$. $Toluene$ $(CH_3-C_6H_5)$ has a methyl group,which is an electron-donating group ($+I$ and hyperconjugation effect),making the ring more reactive than benzene. $2$. $Benzene$ $(C_6H_6)$ is the reference. $3$. $Chlorobenzene$ $(C_6H_5Cl)$ has a chlorine atom,which is deactivating due to its strong $-I$ effect,despite being ortho/para directing. $4$. $Nitrobenzene$ $(C_6H_5NO_2)$ has a nitro group,which is a strongly deactivating group due to its $-I$ and $-M$ effects. Therefore,$Toluene$ is the most reactive towards nitration.

Which of the following compounds is most reactive towards nitration?

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