Which of the following can give ESR (Electrop | vedclass

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(D) $ESR$ (Electrophilic Substitution Reaction) rate depends on the electron density of the benzene ring. Groups that donate electrons to the ring via

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$N,N-Dimethylaniline$

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(D) $ESR$ (Electrophilic Substitution Reaction) rate depends on the electron density of the benzene ring. Groups that donate electrons to the ring via resonance ($+R$ effect) or induction ($+I$ effect) increase the electron density,making the ring more reactive towards electrophiles.$1$. $N,N-Dimethylaniline$ ($-N(CH_3)_2$ group): The nitrogen atom has a lone pair of electrons which it donates to the benzene ring via strong $+R$ effect. This significantly increases the electron density on the ring,making it the most reactive.$2$. $Toluene$ ($-CH_3$ group): The methyl group donates electrons via hyperconjugation and $+I$ effect,which is weaker than the $+R$ effect of the $-N(CH_3)_2$ group.$3$. $Chlorobenzene$ ($-Cl$ group): The chlorine atom has a $-I$ effect (electron-withdrawing) which dominates over its $+R$ effect,making the ring less reactive than benzene.$4$. $Benzaldehyde$ ($-CHO$ group): The aldehyde group is a strong electron-withdrawing group ($-R$ and $-I$ effects),which significantly decreases the electron density on the ring,making it the least reactive.Therefore,$N,N-Dimethylaniline$ gives $ESR$ at the fastest rate.

Which of the following can give $ESR$ (Electrophilic Substitution Reaction) at the fastest rate?

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