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(A) Soap is a sodium or potassium salt of long-chain fatty acids (e.g.,sodium stearate,$C_{17}H_{35}COONa$).When soap is added to hard water,it reacts

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Soap

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(A) Soap is a sodium or potassium salt of long-chain fatty acids (e.g.,sodium stearate,$C_{17}H_{35}COONa$).When soap is added to hard water,it reacts with the calcium $(Ca^{2+})$ and magnesium $(Mg^{2+})$ ions present in the water to form insoluble precipitates (scum),such as calcium stearate.This process effectively removes the hardness-causing ions from the water,although it is not an economical method for large-scale water softening.

Which of the following can effectively remove all types of hardness of water?

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