Which of the following statements is correct?

Identify $A$ in the following reaction.

The major product of the above esterification reaction is:

Which of the following reactions gives alcohol or phenol as a product?
$(i)$ $C_2H_5COOH \xrightarrow{LiAlH_4} C_2H_5CH_2OH$
$(ii)$ $C_2H_5Br$ $\xrightarrow[\text{then } H_2O]{\text{Mg, dry ether}} C_2H_5MgBr$ $\xrightarrow{H_2O} C_2H_6$
$(iii)$ $\text{Benzene diazonium chloride} \xrightarrow{H_3PO_2, H_2O} \text{Benzene}$
$(iv)$ $4-\text{Chlorotoluene} \xrightarrow[300 \text{ atm}]{\text{NaOH, } 623 \text{ K}} 4-\text{Methylphenol}$

What is the product of the following reaction?

$A, B, C, D$ in the following reactions are