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(D) Adrenaline is a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla that acts as a neurotransmitter and hormone to prepare the body for 'fight or flight' resp

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First increased then normal rate

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(D) Adrenaline is a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla that acts as a neurotransmitter and hormone to prepare the body for 'fight or flight' responses. When a physiological concentration of adrenaline is injected into a normal human heart, it binds to $\beta_1$-adrenergic receptors on the cardiac muscle. This stimulation leads to an increase in the heart rate (positive chronotropic effect) and force of contraction. As the adrenaline is metabolized and its concentration in the blood decreases, the heart rate gradually returns to its normal resting state.

When the normal heart of a man is injected with a physiological concentration of adrenaline, it shows:

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