When is a solution said to be saturated? How can you change an unsaturated solution to a saturated solution without adding any more solute to it?

$A$ group of students took an old shoe box and covered it with black paper from all sides. They fixed a source of light (a torch) at one end of the box by making a hole in it and made another hole on the other side to view the light. They placed a milk sample contained in a beaker/tumbler in the box as shown in the figure. They were amazed to see that the milk taken in the tumbler was illuminated. They tried the same activity by taking a salt solution but found that light simply passed through it.
$(a)$ Explain why the milk sample was illuminated. Name the phenomenon involved.
$(b)$ Same results were not observed with a salt solution. Explain.
$(c)$ Can you suggest two more solutions which would show the same effect as shown by the milk solution?

When is a compound said to be pure?

The 'sea-water' can be classified as a homogeneous as well as heterogeneous mixture. Comment.

Name the process associated with the following:
$(a)$ Dry ice is kept at room temperature and at one atmospheric pressure.
$(b)$ $A$ drop of ink placed on the surface of water contained in a glass spreads throughout the water.
$(c)$ $A$ potassium permanganate crystal is in a beaker and water is poured into the beaker with stirring.
$(d)$ An acetone bottle is left open and the bottle becomes empty.
$(e)$ Milk is churned to separate cream from it.
$(f)$ Settling of sand when a mixture of sand and water is left undisturbed for some time.
$(g)$ $A$ fine beam of light entering through a small hole in a dark room illuminates the particles in its path.

What volume of ethyl alcohol and water must be mixed together to prepare $250 \, mL$ of $50 \%$ by volume of alcohol in water?