When a cell converts light energy into chemical energy,which of the following reactions takes place?

Assertion $(A) : H^+$ gradient across the thylakoid membrane is essential for the formation of $\text{ATP}$.
Reason $(R) :$ Breakdown of $H^+$ gradient due to the movement of protons through $F_0$ of $\text{ATP}$ synthase releases enough energy to activate $\text{ATP}$ synthase enzyme that catalyses the formation of $\text{ATP}$.

Read the following statements:
$(a)$ $F_{0}$ part of $ATP$ase is associated with the breakdown of the proton gradient.
$(b)$ $A$ $H^+$ carrier contributes to the creation of the proton gradient.
$(c)$ Movement of electrons in $ETS$ is coupled to the pumping of protons into the lumen.
$(d)$ Formation of $NADPH + H^+$ is related to the creation of the proton gradient.
How many of the above statements are correct?

In photosynthesis,hydrogen is transferred from the light reaction to the dark reaction by:

In angiosperms,synthesis of chlorophyll occurs in the presence of

In the photosynthesis process,which molecule acts as the reaction center?