What is the $23^{rd}$ pair of chromosomes in humans called?

The maleness of a child is determined by

The genotype of a green-stemmed tomato plant is denoted as $GG$ and that of a purple-stemmed tomato plant as $gg$. When these two are crossed:
$(i)$ What colour of stem would you expect in their $F_1$ progeny?
$(ii)$ Give the percentage of purple-stemmed plants if $F_1$ plants are self-pollinated.
$(iii)$ In what ratio would you find the genotypes $GG$ and $Gg$ in the $F_2$ progeny?

$(a)$ Differentiate between:
$(i)$ Homologous organs and Analogous organs
$(ii)$ Pollination and Fertilisation
$(b)$ What do fossils tell us about the process of evolution?

Which of the following is the correct match between List-$I$ and List-$II$?

List-$I$	List-$II$
$1$. Acquired trait	$a$. Wings of a bird and wings of a butterfly
$2$. Evidence of evolution	$b$. Wings of a bird and forelimb of a lizard
$3$. Homologous organs	$c$. Docked tail of a mouse
$4$. Analogous organs	$d$. Fossils

Charles Darwin proposed the theory of evolution of species by natural selection. How do Gregor Mendel's experiments support Darwin's view?