What is short-circuiting?

What is meant by overloading of an electrical circuit? Explain two possible causes due to which overloading may occur in a household circuit. Explain one precaution that should be taken to avoid the overloading of a domestic electric circuit.

Which type of magnet is used in a crane to lift cars?

Under what condition does a current-carrying conductor kept in a magnetic field experience maximum force? On what other factors does the magnitude of this force depend? Name and state the rule used for the determination of the direction of this force.

Meena draws magnetic field lines of a field close to the axis of a current-carrying circular loop. As she moves away from the centre of the circular loop,she observes that the lines keep on diverging. How will you explain her observation?

$A$ student performs an experiment to study the magnetic effect of current around a current-carrying straight conductor with the help of a magnetic compass.
He reports that:
$(i)$ the degree of deflection of the magnetic compass increases when the compass is moved away from the conductor.
$(ii)$ the degree of deflection of the magnetic compass increases when the current through the conductor is increased.
Which of the above observations of the student appears to be wrong and why?