What is the impact parameter?

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(A) The impact parameter $(b)$ is defined as the perpendicular distance of the initial velocity vector of the alpha particle from the center of the nu

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The perpendicular distance of the initial velocity vector of the alpha particle from the center of the nucleus.

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(A) The impact parameter $(b)$ is defined as the perpendicular distance of the initial velocity vector of the alpha particle from the center of the nucleus when it is far away from the nucleus.It is a measure of how close an alpha particle will pass to the nucleus.Mathematically,it is given by the formula: $b = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0} \cdot \frac{Ze^2 \cot(	heta/2)}{K}$,where $Z$ is the atomic number,$e$ is the elementary charge,$	heta$ is the scattering angle,and $K$ is the kinetic energy of the alpha particle.

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