What are the greenhouse effect and global warming?

(N/A) The greenhouse effect is a naturally occurring phenomenon that is responsible for heating the Earth's surface and atmosphere due to an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane.
Clouds and gases reflect about one-fourth of the incoming solar radiation and absorb some of it,but almost half of the incoming solar radiation falls on the Earth's surface,heating it,while a small proportion is reflected back.
The surface of the Earth re-emits heat in the form of infrared radiation,but part of this is not reflected back into space due to greenhouse gases,which leads to the heating of the Earth's atmosphere.
Global warming is the gradual increase in the Earth's average temperature caused by the enhanced greenhouse effect.
Scientists believe that this rise in temperature is leading to harmful changes in the environment and resulting in odd climatic changes (e.g.,$El$ $Nino$ effect),thus leading to increased melting of polar ice caps and glaciers.
Global warming can be controlled by: $(a)$ Cutting down the use of fossil fuels,$(b)$ Improving the efficiency of energy usage,$(c)$ Reducing deforestation,$(d)$ Planting trees,and $(e)$ Slowing down the growth of the human population.