What is a longitudinal wave?

$(a)$ What is meant by intensity of sound?
$(b)$ Mention the conditions for an echo to be heard clearly.
$(c)$ $A$ ball is dropped into a pond from a height of $44.1 \, m$. The splash of sound is heard $3.13 \, s$ after the ball is dropped. Determine the velocity of sound in air.

What is reverberation?

$(a)$ What is reverberation? Write two ways of reducing reverberation.
$(b)$ Distinguish between tone and note.
$(c)$ With the help of a simple diagram,explain how defects in a metal block can be detected using ultrasound.

$(a)$ Illustrate the use of a stethoscope.
$(b)$ What are infrasonic and ultrasonic sound waves?

$(a)$ Why are sound waves called mechanical waves? List two practical applications of reflection of these waves.
$(b)$ $A$ stone is dropped from the top of a tower $125 \ m$ high into a pond of water at the base of the tower. When is the splash heard at the top? $(g = 10 \ m s^{-2}$ and speed of sound $= 340 \ m s^{-1})$