Explain the terms potential and potential difference. Give their $SI$ units.
An electric bulb is connected to a $220\, V$ generator. The current is $0.50 A$. What is the power of the bulb ?
An electric bulb is rated at $200\, V -100\, W$. What is its resistance ? Five such bulbs burn for $4$ hours. What is the electrical energy consumed ? Calculate the cost, if the rate is $50$ paise unit.
What is potential difference ? Is it a scalar quantity or a vector quantity ? Give its $SI$ units.
A potential difference $V$ is applied across a conductor of length $L$ and diameter $D .$ How is the resistance $R$ of the conductor affected, when in turn $(i)$ $V$ is halved $(ii)$ $L$ is halved and $(iii)$ $D$ is doubled ? Justify your answer in each case.