What are the by-products of fertiliser industries? How do they affect the environment?

(N/A) The by-products of fertiliser industries primarily include harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide $(SO_2)$ and nitrogen oxides $(NO_x)$.
These gases are released into the atmosphere,leading to severe air pollution.
When these gases react with water vapor in the atmosphere,they form sulfuric acid and nitric acid,which fall to the Earth as acid rain.
Acid rain damages soil fertility,harms aquatic life in water bodies,and causes corrosion to buildings and monuments.