Water pollution is caused by

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(C) Water pollution occurs when harmful substances,such as chemicals or microorganisms,contaminate a stream,river,lake,ocean,or aquifer. Industrial ef

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Industrial effluents

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(C) Water pollution occurs when harmful substances,such as chemicals or microorganisms,contaminate a stream,river,lake,ocean,or aquifer. Industrial effluents are a major source of water pollution as they contain toxic chemicals,heavy metals,and other pollutants that are discharged directly into water bodies without proper treatment. Ammonia is also a pollutant,but industrial effluents represent a broader and more significant category of water pollution sources. Phytoplankton are natural components of aquatic ecosystems,and smoke primarily contributes to air pollution.

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(P)$ Suspended solids	$(I)$ Fecal matter, bacteria, cloth and paper fibers
$(Q)$ Colloidal materials	$(II)$ Sand, silt, and clay
$(R)$ Dissolved materials	$(III)$ Nutrients (nitrate, ammonia, phosphate, sodium, calcium)

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