Two opposite forces operate in the growth and development of every population. One of them related to the ability to reproduce at a given rate. The force opposite to it is called
Biotic control
Mortality
Fecundity
Environmental resistances
The integral form of the exponential growth equation as $N_{t}-N_{0} e^{r t}$
$A.$ Population density after time $t$
$B.$ Population density at time zero
$C.$ Intrinsic rate of natural increase
$D.$ The base of natural logarithms $(2.71828)$
Identify $A, B, C$ and $D$ from the given equation
If natality rate is parallel to mortality rate then population
Environmental resistance includes factor
Population termed $r$ - strategists