Two different rods $A$ and $B$ are kept as shown in the figure. The ratio of thermal conductivities of $A$ and $B$ is

For a spherical shell with inner and outer radii $r_1$ and $r_2$ respectively,the formula for the heat flow rate is = ......... where $T_1$ and $T_2$ are the temperatures of the inner and outer surfaces of the shell $(T_1 > T_2)$. The thermal conductivity of the material of the shell is $k$.

Three metal rods made of copper, brass, and steel, each with a cross-sectional area of $4 \,cm^2$, are joined as shown in the figure. Their lengths are $46 \,cm, 13 \,cm$, and $12 \,cm$ respectively. Their coefficients of thermal conductivity are $0.92, 0.26$, and $0.12$ respectively, all in $CGS$ units. The rods are thermally insulated from the surroundings except at the ends. The rate of flow of heat through the copper rod, in $cal \,s^{-1}$, is:

There is a layer of snow $x \ cm$ thick on water,when the temperature of the air is $-\theta ^\circ C$ (less than the freezing point). If the thickness of the layer increases from $x$ to $y$ in time $t$,then the value of $t$ is given by:

Two thin metallic spherical shells of radii $20 \text{ cm}$ and $30 \text{ cm}$,respectively,are placed with their centers coinciding. $A$ material of thermal conductivity $\alpha$ is filled in the space between the shells. The inner shell is maintained at $300 \text{ K}$ and the outer shell at $310 \text{ K}$. If the rate at which heat flows radially through the material is $40 \text{ W}$,find the value of $\alpha$ (in units of $\text{J s}^{-1} \text{ m}^{-1} \text{ K}^{-1}$).

The thermal conductivity of copper is $9$ times that of steel. Find the temperature of the junction of copper and steel in the composite rod as shown in the figure (in $^oC$).