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(A) When two elements $P$ and $Q$ are connected in series,the current $i$ flowing through both is the same,and the total potential difference $V$ acro

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(A) When two elements $P$ and $Q$ are connected in series,the current $i$ flowing through both is the same,and the total potential difference $V$ across the combination is the sum of the potential differences across each element: $V = V_P + V_Q$.From the given graphs,for element $P$,the current $i$ increases linearly with $V_P$ up to $10 	ext{ V}$ (where $i = 1 	ext{ A}$) and remains constant at $1 	ext{ A}$ for $V_P > 10 	ext{ V}$.For element $Q$,the current $i$ increases with $V_Q$ and reaches $1 	ext{ A}$ at $V_Q = 10 	ext{ V}$.When in series,for a given current $i$ (where $0 \le i \le 1 	ext{ A}$),the total voltage $V$ is $V_P(i) + V_Q(i)$.At $i = 0$,$V = 0 + 0 = 0 	ext{ V}$.At $i = 1 	ext{ A}$,$V = 10 	ext{ V} + 10 	ext{ V} = 20 	ext{ V}$.Since $V_P$ is linear and $V_Q$ is non-linear (curved),the sum $V = V_P + V_Q$ will also be a curve that reaches $20 	ext{ V}$ at $i = 1 	ext{ A}$.For $i > 1 	ext{ A}$,element $P$ cannot conduct more than $1 	ext{ A}$,so the series combination cannot conduct more than $1 	ext{ A}$.Thus,the graph must show a curve ending at $i = 1 	ext{ A}$ and $V = 20 	ext{ V}$,followed by a vertical line at $V = 20 	ext{ V}$ for $i > 1 	ext{ A}$. This corresponds to Graph $A$.

Two current elements $P$ and $Q$ have current-voltage characteristics as shown below. Which of the graphs given below best represents the current-voltage characteristics when $P$ and $Q$ are in series?

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