To separate different fractions of crude oil in the petroleum industry,the method used is:

Two products $X$ and $Y$ are formed in the following reaction sequence: Benzene + $CH_3Cl \xrightarrow{Anhydr. AlCl_3} W \xrightarrow{dil. HNO_3/dil. H_2SO_4, warm} X + Y$. The suitable method that can be used for the separation of products $X$ and $Y$ is:

How do you perform the purification of the following?
$(i)$ The boiling point of liquid $X$ is $450 \ K$ and it decomposes at $400 \ K$ temperature.
$(ii)$ Mixture of $60 \% \ \text{Camphor}$ and $40 \% \ BaSO_4$.

Which of the following statements about $TLC$ are correct?
$(i)$ Glycine is identified on $TLC$ plate due to its colour.
$(ii)$ Amino acids can be detected by spraying the $TLC$ plate with $Ninhydrin$ solution.
$(iii)$ The retardation factor $(R_f)$ is the ratio of the distance travelled by the solute to that of the solvent from the base line.
$(iv)$ Sodium chloride is commonly used as an adsorbent.

The fragrance of flowers is due to the presence of some steam-volatile organic compounds. These compounds are known as essential oils. At room temperature,these oils are insoluble in water but are miscible with water vapor. Name the suitable method for the extraction of these oils from flowers.

Paper chromatography is an example of