To an observer on the earth,the stars appear | vedclass

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(D) The twinkling of stars is caused by atmospheric refraction. As light from a star enters the $Earth$'s atmosphere,it undergoes continuous refractio

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The refractive index fluctuations in the earth's atmosphere

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(D) The twinkling of stars is caused by atmospheric refraction. As light from a star enters the $Earth$'s atmosphere,it undergoes continuous refraction due to the changing refractive index of the air layers at different altitudes. These layers have varying temperatures and densities,which cause the path of the light to fluctuate. Consequently,the apparent position and brightness of the star change rapidly,which we perceive as twinkling.

To an observer on the earth,the stars appear to twinkle. This can be ascribed to

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