Three identical heat conducting rods are connected in series as shown in the figure. The rods on the sides have thermal conductivity $2K$ while that in the middle has thermal conductivity $K$. The left end of the combination is maintained at temperature $3T$ and the right end at $T$. The rods are thermally insulated from outside. In steady state,the temperature at the left junction is $T_1$ and that at the right junction is $T_2$. The ratio $T_1 / T_2$ is

For a spherical shell with inner and outer radii $r_1$ and $r_2$ respectively,the formula for the heat flow rate is = ......... where $T_1$ and $T_2$ are the temperatures of the inner and outer surfaces of the shell $(T_1 > T_2)$. The thermal conductivity of the material of the shell is $k$.

One end of a thermally insulated rod is kept at a temperature $T_1$ and the other at $T_2$. The rod is composed of two sections of length $l_1$ and $l_2$ and thermal conductivities $K_1$ and $K_2$ respectively. The temperature at the interface of the two sections is

Two identical rods $AC$ and $CB$ made of two different metals having thermal conductivities in the ratio $2:3$ are kept in contact with each other at the end $C$. $A$ is at $100^{\circ}C$ and $B$ is at $25^{\circ}C$. Then the junction $C$ is at: (in $^{\circ}C$)

Two rods,one made of copper and the other of steel,having the same length and cross-sectional area,are joined together. The thermal conductivity of copper is $385 \, J s^{-1} m^{-1} K^{-1}$ and that of steel is $50 \, J s^{-1} m^{-1} K^{-1}$. If the copper end is held at $100^{\circ} C$ and the steel end is held at $0^{\circ} C$,the junction temperature is ........... $^{\circ} C$ (Assuming no other heat losses).

In steady state heat conduction,the equations that determine the heat current $j(r)$ [heat flowing per unit time per unit area] and temperature $T(r)$ in space are exactly the same as those governing the electric field $E(r)$ and electrostatic potential $V(r)$ with the equivalence given in the table below.

Heat flow	Electrostatics
$T(r)$	$V(r)$
$j(r)$	$E(r)$

We exploit this equivalence to predict the rate $\dot{Q}$ of total heat flowing by conduction from the surfaces of spheres of varying radii,all maintained at the same temperature. If $\dot{Q} \propto R^{n}$,where $R$ is the radius,then the value of $n$ is