The theory of natural selection was proposed by:

Which one of the following was the contribution of Hugo de Vries?

While creation and presence of variation is directionless,natural selection is directional as it is in the context of adaptation. Comment.

In a gene pool,along with beneficial mutations,those mutations also exist which are damaging to an individual. It has been found that these mutations are often not eliminated from the population because:
$I.$ They have survival value.
$II.$ They are acquired.
$III.$ They are recessive and carried by heterozygous individuals.
$IV.$ They show genetic drift.
Choose the incorrect option$(s)$ regarding why these mutations persist in the gene pool.

Speciation is caused by

Which of the following is a result of geographical isolation?