The technique of bombarding plant cells with high velocity microparticles of gold or tungsten,coated with $DNA$,is known as:

Which statements are correct for gel electrophoresis to separate $\text{DNA}$ fragments?
$(a)$ $\text{DNA}$ is a negatively charged molecule and so it is loaded on the gel towards the anode terminal.
$(b)$ $\text{DNA}$ fragments travel along the surface of the gel whose concentration does not affect the movement of $\text{DNA}$.
$(c)$ Smaller the size of $\text{DNA}$ fragments,larger is the distance it travels through it.
$(d)$ Pure $\text{DNA}$ can be visualized directly by exposing it to $\text{UV}$ radiation.

The primer extension during $PCR$ cycle requires the temperature range of . . . . . . .

The flowchart given below represents the process of recombinant $DNA$ technology. Identify $A$,$B$,and $C$.

$PCR$ is a three-step process based on temperature,which follows the sequence of ........

Separation of $DNA$ fragments is done by a technique known as: