The relative atomic mass of an oxygen atom is $16$. Explain its meaning.

Give the chemical formulae for the following compounds and compute the ratio by mass of the combining elements in each one of them:
$(a)$ Ammonia
$(b)$ Carbon monoxide
$(c)$ Hydrogen chloride
$(d)$ Aluminium fluoride
$(e)$ Magnesium sulphide

$(a)$ Calculate the number of moles in $112 \, g$ of iron.
$(b)$ Calculate the mass of $0.5$ mole of sugar $(C_{12}H_{22}O_{11})$.
$(c)$ Calculate the number of atoms in $8 \, g$ of oxygen $(O_2)$ molecules.
(Atomic mass of $Fe = 56 \, u, C = 12 \, u, H = 1 \, u, O = 16 \, u, N_A = 6.022 \times 10^{23} \, mol^{-1}$)

Which of the following species is electrically neutral and why?
$K^{+}, Cl^{-}, S^{2-}, P^{3-}, K$

Write the names of the following compounds:
$(a)$ $NiS$
$(b)$ $Mg(NO_3)_2$
$(c)$ $Na_2SO_4$
$(d)$ $Al(NO_3)_3$
$(e)$ $K_3PO_4$
$(f)$ $Ca_3N_2$

Which of the following symbols of elements are incorrect? Give their correct symbols:
$(a)$ Cobalt $CO$
$(b)$ Carbon $c$
$(c)$ Aluminium $AL$
$(d)$ Helium $He$
$(e)$ Sodium $So$